Home Monument types
Archaeological monument types
What each common type of monument in England and Wales is, when it dates from, and what it looks like on a LiDAR terrain model, with examples from the map.
- Hillfort306 pages · A hillfort is an enclosure on a hilltop, ridge or promontory, bounded by one or more banks…
- Round barrow87 pages · A round barrow is a circular mound of earth, turf or stone, usually surrounded by a ditch …
- Long barrow13 pages · A long barrow is a long rectangular, trapezoidal or oval mound of earth or chalk, usually …
- Chambered tomb12 pages · A chambered tomb is a Neolithic burial monument with one or more chambers built of large s…
- Cairn88 pages · A cairn is a mound or bank built mainly of stones. Many prehistoric cairns in the uplands …
- Henge14 pages · A henge is a circular or oval enclosure defined by a bank with a ditch, usually inside it,…
- Stone circle53 pages · A stone circle is a ring or oval of spaced upright stones, sometimes with more than one ri…
- Causewayed enclosure11 pages · A causewayed enclosure is an area enclosed by one or more circuits of ditch broken by freq…
- Cursus10 pages · A cursus is a long, narrow Neolithic enclosure defined by two parallel banks with ditches …
- Motte and bailey castle475 pages · A motte and bailey castle is an early form of castle with a steep-sided, flat-topped earth…
- Ringwork474 pages · A ringwork is a medieval fortification formed by a circular or oval bank and ditch around …
- Moated site12 pages · A moated site is an island of dry ground wholly or partly surrounded by a wide ditch, ofte…
- Deserted medieval village17 pages · A deserted medieval village is the site of a medieval village that has been abandoned, so …
- Ridge and furrow2 pages · Ridge and furrow is a pattern of long, parallel ridges separated by furrows, formed by plo…
- Lynchet2 pages · A lynchet is a bank of soil that builds up at the downhill edge of a ploughed field as soi…
- Hollow way10 pages · A hollow way is a road, track or path that lies in a cutting below the level of the ground…
- Roman road38 pages · A Roman road is an engineered road built by the Roman army and administration, laid out in…
- Roman fort94 pages · A Roman fort was a permanent or semi-permanent base for a unit of the Roman army, usually …
- Roman marching camp39 pages · A Roman marching camp is a temporary enclosure built by Roman troops on campaign or in tra…
- Roman villa50 pages · A Roman villa was a rural estate centred on a house built in Roman style, with farm buildi…
- Field system4 pages · A field system is a group of fields that appear to form a coherent whole, defined by banks…
- Enclosure (prehistoric and Romano-British)35 pages · An enclosure is an area of land surrounded by a bank, ditch, wall, palisade or similar bar…
- Linear earthwork (dyke)13 pages · A linear earthwork is a long bank with a ditch alongside it, or several banks and ditches,…
- Fishpond (medieval)1 pages · A fishpond is an artificial pond made for breeding, rearing and storing fish. In the medie…
- Pillow mound10 pages · A pillow mound is a long, low, flat-topped mound, often surrounded by a shallow ditch, bui…
- Bell pit62 pages · A bell pit is a shallow mine in which a shaft was sunk to a seam of coal, ironstone or ano…
- Pillbox (Second World War)81 pages · A pillbox is a small, squat defensive building with thick walls, loopholes for weapons and…
- Bomb crater81 pages · A bomb crater is a hollow in the ground made by the explosion of a bomb, mine or shell. Mo…
- Deer park10 pages · A deer park was an area of land enclosed to keep deer, for hunting and as a source of veni…
- Water meadow0 pages · A water meadow is grassland beside a river or stream that was deliberately irrigated throu…
- Quarry and spoil heap62 pages · A quarry is an excavation from which stone, chalk, gravel, clay, marl or other material wa…